Diabetes
Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic condition that can possibly lead to serious chronic complications involving vital organs if the condition is poorly managed. It is a metabolic disorder characterised by high blood-sugar levels due to the bodies lack of or inability to produce insulin to reduce the sugar levels to an acceptable level.
Diabetes cannot currently be cured however the condition can be managed effectively if the sufferer is able to reduce their blood sugar levels, blood pressure, cholesterol levels and above all stop smoking (smoking reduces the blood supply to the feet and body).
The condition can cause reduced feeling and sensation in the feet (sensory neuropathy), usually starting at the tips of the toes. The lack of sensation to the feet is related to the duration of the disease and poor glycaemic (sugar) control. Sensory Neuropathy causes further problems if not maintained well such as unnoticed injuries to the feet and infections.
Most people are able to reduce the chance of complications with adequate glycaemic control, a change in diet and regular exercise.
Regular monitoring of neuropathy is essential to all suffers and, once diagnosed, daily foot-inspections are essential to ensuring a healthy outcome of the condition.
Burning sensations in the feet are common and contact with socks and footwear can exacerbate the condition.
Warning signs in addition to neuropathy are as follows:
- Skin breaks with discharge
- Change of colour to the skin i.e. red/blue/pale or blackened
- Swelling
- Red or black spot within a calluse or corn
- Sensation of warmth or burning
- Numbness or tingling in the feet
Foot Ulcers are also a common result of the condition and need to be treated by a foot specialist immediately.
Treatment:
Leg and foot problems are the most common reasons for hospitalisation of the diabetic patient and diabetics is the leading cause of amputations of the lower leg.
Patients with diabetes need to wash their feet daily in warm water and monitor their sensations, daily, by using a mirror to inspect the bottom of their feet.
Avoid wearing open-toed sandals to minimise the risks of injury and infection. Socks made from natural fibres are essential.
Shoes should be made from soft material with no seams (to avoid rubbing) and with good breathability
Custom-made orthotics can relieve pressure points and reduce irritation.
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